Congenital
Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease is when you are born with malformations of the heart’s structures. Congenital heart disease is a broad term and examples are holes in the heart, abnormal valves, and abnormal heart chambers.
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General
signs of congenital heart disease can include:
- · Excessive sweating
- ·
Extreme tiredness and fatigue
- Poor feeding
- ·
Rapid heartbeat
- ·
Rapid breathing
- ·
Shortness of breath
- ·
Chest pain
- ·
A blue tinge to the skin
(cyanosis)
- ·
Clubbed fingernails
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Causes and risk factors
If your child has a congenital heart
defect, you may think you did something wrong during your pregnancy to cause
the problem. However, doctors often don’t know why congenital heart defects
occur.
Heredity may play a role in some heart
defects. For example, a parent who has a congenital heart defect may be more
likely than other people to have a child with the defect. Rarely, more than one
child in a family is born with a heart defect.Children who has genetic disorders, such as
Down syndrome, often have congenital heart defects. In fact, half of all babies
who have Down syndrome have congenital heart defects. Besides, smoking during
pregnancy also has been linked to several congenital heart defects. Other than
that, this may be the result of the genes you inherited from your parents or
adverse exposure to certain elements while still in the womb, such as some
medicines or too much alcohol.
There are some factors that are associated
with an increased chance of having congenital heart disease. These risk factors
include:
·
Genetic or chromosomal
abnormalities in the child, such a Down syndrome
Tests to diagnose a congenital heart disease
·
Fetal echocardiogram
Treatment
- Pharmacology
To treat complications and relive symptoms:
·
Diuretics – lower the amount of
extra fluid in the body
·
Digoxin – increases the
strength of the heartbeats
·
Vasodilators – widen blood
vessels so blood can flow more easily
·
Antiarrhythmics – treat and
prevent irregular heartbeats
To treat a certain defect
·
Prostaglandins and
prostaglandin inhibitors – help keep open or close a fetal blood vessel, called
the ductus arteriosus, that normally closes at birth
To prevent problems
·
Antibiotics – before certain
dental and surgical procedures help prevent endocarditis in some people
·
Blood thinners, such as aspirin
or anticoagulants - lower the risk of blood clots in the heart or in blood
vessels
Extra
Information – Statistic
The Baltimore-Washington
Infant Study is a regional epidemiologic study of congenital heart disease.
Among infants born in the study area in 1981 and 1982, 664 had a diagnosis of
congenital heart disease confirmed in the first year of life by
echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, cardiac surgery, or autopsy. The
prevalence rate was 3.7/1,000 livebirths for all cases and 2.4/1,000 livebirths
for cases confirmed by invasive methods only. Diagnosis-specific prevalence
rates of congenital heart disease are compared with those of eight previous
case series. Changing diagnostic categorizations in the time span covered and
methodological differences resulted in great variation of the data. However,
the data of the New England infant Cardiac Program which used the same case discovery
methods showed similar occurrences of major morphologic abnormalities,
suggesting that these are stable basic estimates in the eastern United States.
For all case series, the rate of confirmed congenital heart disease was
approximately 4/1,000 livebirths over the 40-year time span.
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